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DRI recommendations
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) is the general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy people. These values, which vary by age and gender, include:
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy people.
- Adequate Intake (AI): established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA and is set at a level assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy.
- Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
The charts below are based on recommendations from the Institute of Medicine at National Academy of Sciences.
DRI for Vitamins
Values in bold represent the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Values in regular type are Adequate Intakes (AIs) because RDA’s are not available for these vitamins.
| Group | A (mcg) |
C (mg) |
D (mcg) |
E (mg) |
K mcg) |
B6 (mg) |
B12 (mcg) |
| DRI Category | RDA | RDA | AI | RDA | AI | RDA | RDA |
| Infants* 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
400 500 |
40 50 |
5 5 |
4 5 |
2.0 2.5 |
0.1 0.3 |
0.4 0.5 |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
300 400 |
15 25 |
5 5 |
6 7 |
30 55 |
0.5 0.6 |
0.9 1.2 |
| Males 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
600 900 900 900 900 900 |
45 65 75 75 75 75 |
5 5 5 5 10 15 |
11 15 15 15 15 15 |
60 75 120 120 120 120 |
1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.7 |
1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 |
| Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
600 700 700 700 700 700 |
45 65 75 75 75 75 |
5 5 5 5 10 15 |
11 15 15 15 15 15 |
60 75 90 90 90 90 |
1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 |
1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
750 770 770 |
80 85 85 |
5 5 5 |
15 15 15 |
75 90 90 |
1.9 1.9 1.9 |
2.6 2.6 2.6 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
1,200 1,300 1,300 |
115 120 120 |
5 5 5 |
19 19 19 |
75 90 90 |
2.0 2.0 2.0 |
2.8 2.8 2.8 |
| Group | Thiamin (mg) |
Riboflavin (mg) |
Niacin (mg) |
Folate (mcg) |
Pantothenic Acid (mg) |
Biotin (mcg) |
Choline (mg) |
| DRI Category | RDA | RDA | RDA | RDA | AI | AI | AI |
| Infants* 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
0.2 0.3 |
0.3 0.4 |
2 4 |
65 85 |
1.7 1.8 |
5 6 |
125 150 |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
0.5 0.6 |
0.5 0.6 |
6 8 |
150 200 |
2 3 |
8 12 |
200 250 |
| Males 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 |
0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 |
12 16 16 16 16 16 |
300 400 400 400 400 400 |
4 5 5 5 5 5 |
20 25 30 30 30 30 |
375 550 550 550 500 500 |
| Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 |
0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 |
12 14 14 14 14 14 |
300 400 400 400 400 400 |
4 5 5 5 5 5 |
20 25 30 30 30 30 |
375 400 425 425 425 425 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
1.4 1.4 1.4 |
1.4 1.4 1.4 |
18 18 18 |
600 600 600 |
6 6 6 |
30 30 30 |
450 450 450 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
1.4 1.4 1.4 |
1.6 1.6 1.6 |
17 17 17 |
500 500 500 |
7 7 7 |
35 35 35 |
550 550 550 |
*All the infant information is based upon AI’s as there is not sufficient evidence to provide RDA’s for infants.
DRI for Minerals
Values in bold represent the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Values in regular type are Adequate Intakes (AIs) because RDA’s are not available for these vitamins.
| Groups | Calcium (mg) |
Chromium (mcg) |
Copper (mcg) |
Fluoride (mg) |
Iodine (mcg) |
Iron(mg) | Magnesium (mg) |
| DRI Category | AI | AI | RDA | AI | RDA | RDA | RDA |
| Infants* 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
210 270 |
0.2 5.5 |
200 220 |
0.01 0.5 |
110 130 |
0.27 11 |
30 75 |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
500 800 |
11 15 |
340 440 |
0.7 1 |
90 90 |
70 10 |
80 130 |
| Males 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
1,300 1,300 1,000 1,000 1,200 1,200 |
25 35 35 35 30 30 |
700 890 900 900 900 900 |
2 3 4 4 4 4 |
120 150 150 150 150 150 |
8 11 8 8 8 8 |
240 410 400 420 420 420 |
| Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
1,300 1,300 1,000 1,000 1,200 1,200 |
21 24 25 25 20 20 |
700 890 900 900 900 900 |
2 3 3 3 3 3 |
120 150 150 150 150 150 |
8 15 18 18 8 8 |
240 360 310 320 320 320 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
1,300 1,000 1,000 |
29 30 30 |
1,000 1,000 1,000 |
3 3 3 |
220 220 220 |
27 27 27 |
400 350 360 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
1,300 1,000 1,000 |
44 45 45 |
1,300 1,300 1,300 |
3 3 3 |
290 290 290 |
10 9 9 |
360 310 320 |
| Group | Man- ganese (mg) |
Moly- bedenum (mcg) |
Phos- phorus (mg) |
Selenium (mcg) |
Zinc (mg) |
Potassium (g/d) |
Sodium (g/d) |
Chloride (g/d) |
| DRI Category | AI | AI | RDA | RDA | RDA | AI | AI | AI |
| Infants* 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
0.003 0.6 |
2 3 |
100 275 |
15 20 |
2 3 |
0.4 0.7 |
0.12 0.37 |
0.18 0.57 |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
1.2 1.5 |
17 22 |
460 500 |
20 30 |
3 5 |
3.0 3.8 |
1.0 1.2 |
1.5 1.9 |
| Males 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
1.9 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 |
34 43 45 45 45 45 |
1,250 1,250 700 700 700 700 |
40 55 55 55 55 55 |
8 11 11 11 11 11 |
4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 |
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 |
2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 |
| Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y 70+ y |
1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 |
34 43 45 45 45 45 |
1,250 1.250 700 700 700 700 |
40 55 55 55 55 55 |
8 9 8 8 8 8 |
4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 |
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 |
2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y |
2.0 2.0 2.0 |
50 50 50 |
1,250 700 700 |
60 60 60 |
12 11 11 |
4.7 4.7 4.7 |
1.5 1.5 1.5 |
2.3 2.3 2.3 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-50 y |
2.6 2.6 2.6 |
50 50 50 |
1,250 700 700 |
70 70 70 |
13 12 12 |
5.1 5.1 5.1 |
1.5 1.5 1.5 |
2.3 2.3 2.3 |
*All the infant information is based upon AI’s as there is not sufficient evidence to provide RDA’s for infants.
Upper Intake Levels (UL) for Vitamins
Not Determined (ND) means the tolerable Upper Intake Level was not determined due to lack of available data for that age group.
| Group | A (mcg) |
C (mg) |
D (mcg) |
E (mg) |
K (mcg) |
B6 (mg) |
B12 (mcg) |
| Infants 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
600 300 |
ND ND |
25 25 |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
600 900 |
400 650 |
50 50 |
200 300 |
ND ND |
30 40 |
ND ND |
| Males, Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-70 y 70+ y |
1,700 2,800 3,000 3,000 |
1,200 1,800 2,000 2,000 |
50 50 50 50 |
600 800 1,000 1,000 |
ND ND ND ND |
60 80 100 100 |
ND ND ND ND |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-50 y |
2,800 3,000 |
1,800 2,000 |
50 50 |
800 1,000 |
ND ND |
80 100 |
ND ND |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-50 y |
2,800 3,000 |
1,800 2,000 |
50 50 |
800 1,000 |
ND ND |
80 100 |
ND ND |
| Group | Thiamin (mg) |
Riboflavin (mg) |
Niacin (mg) |
Folate (mcg) |
Pantothenic Acid (mg) |
Biotin (mcg) |
Choline (mg) |
| Infants 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
ND ND |
ND ND |
10 15 |
300 400 |
ND ND |
ND ND |
1.0 1.0 |
| Males, Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-70 y 70+ y |
ND ND ND ND |
ND ND ND ND |
20 30 35 35 |
600 800 1,000 1,000 |
ND ND ND ND |
ND ND ND ND |
2.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-50 y |
ND ND |
ND ND |
30 35 |
800 1,000 |
ND ND |
ND ND |
3.0 3.5 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-50 y |
ND ND |
ND ND |
30 35 |
800 1,000 |
ND ND |
ND ND |
30 35 |
Upper Intake Levels (UL) for minerals
Not Determined (ND) means the tolerable Upper Intake Level was not determined due to lack of available data for that age group.
| Groups | Calcium (mg) |
Chromium (mcg) |
Copper (mcg) |
Fluoride (mg) |
Iodine (mcg) |
Iron(mg) | Magnesium (mg) |
| Infants 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
0.7 0.9 |
ND ND |
40 40 |
ND ND |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
2.5 2.5 |
ND ND |
1,000 3,000 |
1.3 2.2 |
200 300 |
40 40 |
65 110 |
| Males, Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-70 y 70+ y |
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 |
ND ND ND ND |
5,000 8,000 10,000D 10,000 |
10 10 10 10 |
600 900 1,100 1,100 |
40 45 45 45 |
350 350 350 350 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-50 y |
2.5 2.5 |
ND ND |
8,000 10,000 |
10 10 |
900 1,100 |
45 45 |
350 350 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-50 y |
2.5 2.5 |
ND ND |
8,000 10,000 |
10 10 |
900 1,100 |
45 45 |
350 350 |
| Group | Man- ganese (mg) |
Moly- bedenum (mcg) |
Phos- phorus (mg) |
Selenium (mcg) |
Zinc (mg) |
Sodium (g/d) |
Chloride (g/d) |
| Infants 0-6 mo 7-12 mo |
ND ND |
ND ND |
ND ND |
45 60 |
4 4 |
ND ND |
ND ND |
| Children 1-3 y 4-8 y |
2 3 |
300 600 |
3 3 |
90 150 |
7 12 |
1.5 1.9 |
2.3 2.9 |
| Males, Females 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-70 y 70+ y |
6 9 11 11 |
1,100 1,700 2,000 2,00 |
4 4 4 3 |
280 400 400 400 |
23 34 40 40 |
2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 |
3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 |
| Pregnancy 14-18 y 19-50 y |
9 11 |
1,700 2,000 |
3.5 3.5 |
400 400 |
34 40 |
2.3 3.6 |
3.6 3.6 |
| Lactation 14-18 y 19-50 y |
9 11 |
1,700 2,000 |
4 4 |
400 400 |
34 40 |
2.3 2.3 |
3.6 3.6 |
